Джо Байден сегодня — Байден назвал США самой важной страной. Сенатор США Скотт заявил о недоверии американцев администрации Байдена.
Юджин Дебс, «Мы пришли освобождать рабочий класс»
Add to that the uniformly hostile media coverage, and Trump’s prospects of acquittal seem as dim as those faced by Debs in the wartime atmosphere of 1918. Eugene Debs was born in Terre Haute, Indiana on November 5, 1855, to the family of French immigrants from Alsace, Jean Daniel and Marguerite Mari Bettrich Debs. Eugene V. Debs, November 5, Eugene V, Debs was a renowned Socialist Union leader who supported the Industrial Workers globally.
Ceb назвал самого опасного игрока BetBoom Team
Разрушать последние остатки порядка? Испачкать наши руки алой кровью наших братьев? Мы повторяем — нет, тысячу раз нет! Впрочем, эволюция взглядов Дебса начнется гораздо раньше. Неэффективность узкопрофессиональных союзов для защиты прав рабочих от произвола владельцев железнодорожных компаний была для него очевидна.
В 1893 году он помогает основать на американских железных дорогах первый профсоюз, открытый для рабочих всех компаний и специальностей — от машинистов и прочей «белой кости» до обходчиков и станционной обслуги. Революционный подход для тогдашних США! Новая организация получила название «Американский союз железнодорожников» ARU и быстро зарекомендовала себя с самой боевой стороны. Очевидно, уже тогда отношение к забастовочной борьбе поменялось и у самого Дебса.
Кризис на железных дорогах продолжался, и методы минимизации издержек у владельцев не отличались разнообразием. К 1893 году несколько раз за короткое время потеряли в зарплате многие рабочие трансконтинентальной железнодорожной компании Great Northern Railway. ARU помог рабочим организовать забастовку, на 18 дней остановившую движение по магистрали. Мощный отраслевой профсоюз смог быстро добиться своего: конфликт был разрешен с помощью государственного арбитража, сокращения зарплат отменили.
ARU праздновал победу — а уже годом позже вновь организовал массовую стачку в поддержку рабочих компании Пульмана в Чикаго, производившей знаменитые спальные вагоны: Пульман тоже резко сократил зарплаты работникам. Профсоюз во время стачки показал, кажется, все, на что был способен. Забастовка охватила всю железнодорожную сеть США — четверть миллиона работников. На станциях отказывались обслуживать составы, в которых был хоть один пульмановский вагон.
А поскольку таких составов было большинство, то стачка почти полностью остановила железнодорожное движение в стране. Тридцать человек погибли в стычках. Для ARU это поражение оказалось фатальным, оправиться после него профсоюз не смог. Сам Дебс после забастовки впервые попал в тюрьму на шесть месяцев.
Вероятно, именно тогда, во время стачки и после нее, его взгляды на задачи профсоюзов и методы рабочей борьбы окончательно изменились. Прежде он был сторонником демократов, но теперь считает, что традиционные партии не выражают интересы рабочих. В 1901 году на ее основе возникла более крупная Социалистическая партия Америки. Бастуйте, как вы голосуете», — обращался он к сторонникам.
Дебс с его прошлым ярого организатора и прекрасным ораторским талантом стал лицом новой партии. Надо сказать, что Соцпартия, несмотря на молодость и радикализм, быстро доказала, что может рассчитывать на звание «третьей силы» в тогдашних США — наравне с демократами и республиканцами. Ее представители легко выигрывали местные выборы и занимали посты в органах власти городов и штатов: в распоряжении партии была львиная доля голосов рабочих. Но вот как раз в рабочей среде у социалистов был серьезный противник.
Крупнейшая на тот момент профсоюзная организация страны, Американская федерация труда с почти полумиллионом членов, возглавляемая бывшим табачником Сэмюэлем Гомперсом, открыто критиковала сторонников соцпартии.
Convicted of violating the injunction, Debs was sentenced to six months in jail. While serving his prison term, Debs reexamined his political philosophy and declared himself a socialist. By the time Debs was released from prison in November 1895, he had become a nationally recognized celebrity and political force. The socio-political beliefs that had attracted Debs and the other members to establish the defunct ARU now gathered to form the new Socialist Party with Eugene Debs as its head. Now a Celebrity, Debs Seeks Presidency Even while Debs immersed himself in socialist politics, he still sought the formation of a labor union that encompassed his goals of inclusivity for all workers. They saw American involvement as a class struggle wherein workers were to be sacrificed for corporate benefit and greed. As the United States moved onto a war footing, socialists like Debs enthusiastically voiced their opposition at speaking engagements and through the press. Their audience, however, grew smaller, and public opinion to a large degree turned against the socialists.
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In Brazil, the conservative establishment had used a somewhat doubtful corruption conviction to block former President Lula from seeking to regain the presidency , but once it was overturned by the courts, he successfully did so, and his own courts then used the excuse of election protests to prohibit his defeated rightwing opponent President Bolsonaro from trying to do the same in four years time. In India, the ultra-rightwing Modi government is overwhelmingly popular, but still decided to take no chances. The parliamentary opposition is led by Rahul Gandhi, the son, grandson, and great-grandson of past Prime Ministers, but the government prosecuted him for making a public statement seeming to imply that Modi was crooked, successfully banning him from politics as a consequence, though on Friday a court overturned the verdict.
I fear that all too many democratic or semi-democratic governments around the world will now eagerly seize upon the innovative electoral strategy pioneered by our own Democratic Party and henceforth use judicial means to eliminate their political rivals. Moreover, while the ferociously anti-Trumpist media would never admit the possibility, the Donald and his angry supporters actually have a very strong case in their bitter complaints of a stolen 2020 election. I explained those simple facts back in January 2021. Although hardly suggested by our mainstream media, the officially-reported results demonstrated that our 2020 presidential election was extraordinarily close. All the regular pre-election polls had shown the Democratic candidate with a comfortable lead, but just as had been the case four years earlier, the actual votes tabulated revealed an entirely contrary outcome. But control of the White House depends upon the state-by-state tallies, and these told a very different story.
Incumbent Donald Trump lost Arizona, Georgia, and Wisconsin by such extremely narrow margins that a swing of less than 22,000 votes in those crucial states would have gotten him reelected. With a record 158 million votes cast, this amounted to a victory margin of around 0. So if just one American voter in 7,000 had changed his mind, Trump might have received another four years in office. One American voter in 7,000. Such an exceptionally narrow victory is extremely unusual in modern American history. More recently, George W.
Bush won a narrow reelection over Sen. John F.
The Pullman Strikes: Eugene Debs's First Arrest
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Юджин Дебс
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Антивоенная речь Юджина Дебса в исполнении Марка Руффало
President Cleveland deployed troops to Chicago to quell the ongoing demonstrations, but on July 7, the conflicts turned violent. Members of the National Guard killed anywhere from four to 30 strikers in the clash. Debs, who was no longer legally allowed to communicate with his members, could do nothing to calm tensions. That same month, Debs was arrested and charged with contempt of court and conspiracy to interfere with U. The ARU crumbled soon after, and while many Pullman workers were eventually rehired, they had to agree in writing to never form a union. In 1897 , two years after leaving prison, he established the Social Democratic Party of America. William McKinley won the race with a total of 7,207,923 votes, while Debs garnered just 86,935. Still, it was a start.
Debs ran again in 1904, this time as a member of the next political party he helped establish: the Socialist Party of America. His totals jumped to around 402,000 votes ; in 1908, he returned with 420,000 votes , losing to Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft , respectively.
Among the US left, he singled out Debs for praise because, in his view, Debs was always closer to liberal democratic Americanism than Marxist totalitarianism.
And as an inveterate democrat, Debs could never accept the revolutionary Marxist program of proletarian class rule, nor could he sacrifice immediate associational freedoms for the sake of historical progress, both of which threatened a totalitarian takeover of democratic institutions. Theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. Ultimately, Schlesinger saw Debs as a useful figure to make a broader argument about the place of the Left in progressive politics.
Like Debs or so Schlesinger imagined , leftists should accept the basic justness of American democratic institutions, inhabiting a position of critical dissent that holds liberals to account without ever exercising real independent power. Debs was a democrat, but he was also a Marxist and an internationalist. He believed that working-class democracy was only possible if workers controlled the capital infrastructure they set into motion, operating it according to social principles entirely different from those of the profit-seeking capitalist market.
Anyone familiar with Debs lore knows that he probably encountered Marxist theory for the first while imprisoned for his leadership of the Pullman strike. But theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. While it helped workers exercise some control over their employment for instance, by regulating hiring and firing , it often collaborated with management to prevent strikes and spread a culture of workplace discipline.
If this was true, capital and labor needed each other: capital would be idle without labor, and labor powerless without capital. There can be no such quarrel unless it is caused by deliberate piracy on one side and unreasonable demands on the other. After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company south of Chicago went on strike and sought out the ARU in a desperate plea for assistance, Debs and the union organized a sympathy boycott of Pullman cars around the country, refusing to hitch the luxury sleeping cars to trains or receive trains under Pullman control.
Commerce radiating out of the Chicago metropolitan area ground to a halt, triggering a national crisis. A coalition of railway owners conspired with the attorney general to issue a federal injunction against the strikers an unprecedented tactic that the Supreme Court only ruled legal after the fact , the Democratic administration called in the national guard against the strikers, and Debs was sent to jail. The episode showed Debs that when workers exercise control over both capital and their own labor at the industry-wide level, it is regarded as an overwhelming crisis, not the assertion of democratic bargaining rights.
Debs after the 1912 election was a marked man. At first they were opposed by the people and denounced by the press. But it did not fail. Revolutions have a habit of succeeding when the time comes for them. I said then, and I say now, that while there is a lower class, I am in it, and while there is a criminal element I am of it, and while there is a soul in prison, I am not free. I listened to all that was said in this court in support and justification of this prosecution, but my mind remains unchanged.
I look upon the Espionage Law as a despotic enactment in flagrant conflict with democratic principles and with the spirit of free institutions. At fourteen I went to work in a railroad shop; at sixteen I was firing a freight engine on a railroad. I remember all the hardships and privations of that earlier day, and from that time until now my heart has been with the working class. I could have been in Congress long ago. I have preferred to go to prison. I am thinking of the women who for a paltry wage are compelled to work out their barren lives; of the little children who in this system are robbed of their childhood and in their tender years are seized in the remorseless grasp of Mammon and forced into the industrial dungeons, there to feed the monster machines while they themselves are being starved and stunted, body and soul.
I see them dwarfed and diseased and their little lives broken and blasted because in this high noon of Christian civilization money is still so much more important than the flesh and blood of childhood. In very truth gold is god today and rules with pitiless sway in the affairs of men. In this country—the most favored beneath the bending skies—we have vast areas of the richest and most fertile soil, material resources in inexhaustible abundance, the most marvelous productive machinery on earth, and millions of eager workers ready to apply their labor to that machinery to produce in abundance for every man, woman, and child—and if there are still vast numbers of our people who are the victims of poverty and whose lives are an unceasing struggle all the way from youth to old age, until at last death comes to their rescue and lulls these hapless victims to dreamless sleep, it is not the fault of the Almighty: it cannot be charged to nature, but it is due entirely to the outgrown social system in which we live that ought to be abolished not only in the interest of the toiling masses but in the higher interest of all humanity. I believe, as all Socialists do, that all things that are jointly needed and used ought to be jointly owned—that industry, the basis of our social life, instead of being the private property of a few and operated for their enrichment, ought to be the common property of all, democratically administered in the interest of all. This order of things cannot always endure. I have registered my protest against it.
I recognize the feebleness of my effort, but, fortunately, I am not alone. There are multiplied thousands of others who, like myself, have come to realize that before we may truly enjoy the blessings of civilized life, we must reorganize society upon a mutual and cooperative basis; and to this end we have organized a great economic and political movement that spreads over the face of all the earth. There are today upwards of sixty millions of Socialists, loyal, devoted adherents to this cause, regardless of nationality, race, creed, color, or sex. They are all making common cause. They are spreading with tireless energy the propaganda of the new social order. They are waiting, watching, and working hopefully through all the hours of the day and the night.
They are still in a minority. But they have learned how to be patient and to bide their time. The feel—they know, indeed—that the time is coming, in spite of all opposition, all persecution, when this emancipating gospel will spread among all the peoples, and when this minority will become the triumphant majority and, sweeping into power, inaugurate the greatest social and economic change in history. In that day we shall have the universal commonwealth—the harmonious cooperation of every nation with every other nation on earth.
In 1884, elected as a Democrat , he served a term in the Indiana General Assembly. Work with organized labor During its earlier years, the BLF was a relatively moderate and conservative organization, advocating for class collaboration and focusing primarily on providing mutual benefits and service for workers. For the first fourteen years of its existence 1873-1887 , it never attempted or authorized a strike. Debs largely followed the same line as the Brotherhood at large during these years. This state of affairs was to change quite suddenly in early 1888. The Burlington railroad strike of 1888 lasted for most of the year, and ended with the complete defeat of the strike as the company managed to replace the entire striking workforce, but not before at least two striking workers had been killed by strikebreakers across the course of the year. Following this event, Debs began to become convinced of a more confrontational and unyielding approach, rooted in industrial unionism rather than craft unionism. In 1893, Debs would help found the American Railway Union , one of the first industrial unions in the United States and one of the largest labor unions of the time.
Премия Юджина В. Дебса
Набрав 6 процентов голосов на президентских выборах 1912 года, Юджин Дебс нарушил новые национальные законы о борьбе с подстрекательством к мятежу. Not only is Sanders the obvious political successor to Debs, but the future of his candidacy may rest on the decision on Tuesday — the very anniversary of the final demise of Eugene Debs. Redefining masculinity for the betterment of society as a whole, and offering men and boys a version of manhood where they can be their authentic Офлейнер Тиа Чжун «JT-» Вэн решил подколоть саппорта OG Себастьяна «Ceb» Дебса перед очной встречей на ESL One Birmingham 2024 по Dota 2. Он предложил французу. Labor leader, socialist, and five-time presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs (1855–1926) had a twofold relationship with the First Amendment. ДЕБС (Debs) Юджин (5.11.1855, Терре-Хот, штат Индиана – 20.10.1926, Элмхерст, штат Иллинойс), амер. политич. деятель. Из бедной семьи франц. эмигрантов.
Джо Байден
ДЕБС (Debs) Юджин (5.11.1855, Терре-Хот, штат Индиана – 20.10.1926, Элмхерст, штат Иллинойс), амер. политич. деятель. Из бедной семьи франц. эмигрантов. For most of the 1880s, Debs continued to preach the virtues of industrial cooperation and to discourage confrontations with either employers or the government. A graphic biography about Eugene V. Debs, folk hero and presidential candidate, reminds us of a time when support for socialism was strong in places like Kansas, Oklahoma, and Ohio. Zeeshan Aleem: Who was Eugene Debs, and how was this man able to secure a full 3% of the vote while in prison?
Eugene V. Debs - Pioneer Rail Labor Leader
While I was at the Debs house I thought about Republican Senator and Voldemort lookalike Rick Scott , who recently said socialists and communists were not welcome in the state of Florida. He is an example to all socialists. Faith in the people is crucial. It is ultimately the workers themselves who will bring about radical change. What we should take from Debs, each and every worker, is his courage, his willingness to struggle. Like Moses never saw the promised land, Debs never saw socialism — may he forgive me for the comparison. But I know we will get there eventually.
A world without exploitation, without prisons, without war.
Они всегда учили вас верить, что это ваш патриотический долг — пойти на войну и умереть по команде. Но во всей истории мира, вы — простые люди — никогда не объявляли войну, и как ни странно, сам народ ни в одной нации никогда за все времена не объявлял войны. Рабочий класс, который ведет в се сражения, рабочий класс, который приносит величайшие жертвы, рабочий класс, который обильно проливает свою кровь и усеивает поле боя трупами, никогда еще не имел права голоса ни в объявлении войны, ни в заключении мира. Именно правящий класс неизменно делает и то, и другое. Только он объявляет войну, и только он заключают мир. Не ваше — спрашивать «почему». Но ваше — сделать и умереть. Это их девиз, и мы от лица пробуждающихся рабочих нашей нации возражаем. Если война справедлива, то пусть она будет объявлена народом.
The historians responded to telephone calls and electronic communications from the home that Eugene Debs had built in 1890 and lived in until his death. Debs 1855-1926 , who founded several labor unio… read more Historians Ernest Freeberg and Lisa Phillips talked about the political career of Eugene V.
The song was an enormous success, with its recording by the Peerless Quartet selling over 650,000 copies. The Wilson Administration, which had long sought to bring the United States into the war, was deeply concerned with the popularity of anti-war media. In addition to amplifying pro-war messaging from the United Kingdom, they made moves to produce and distribute propaganda of their own. Whereas anti-war propaganda often employed imagery of mothers protecting their children, pro-war propaganda likewise employed evocative and emotive images of women and children [5] Amanda Alexander, The Genesis of the Civilian, 20 LJIL 359 2007. In this famous poster advertising Liberty Bonds, the nation of Belgium is personified as a young girl in silhouette, dragged away by a German soldier, as a village burns in the background. Source: Wikipedia. Proponents of American entry into the war took more direct measures as well. The 250,000-member vigilante group, the American Protective League , [6] J. Thousands were arrested, and attacks on anti-war activists in the street were widespread. It was in this environment, in 1918, that Eugene Debs delivered a speech against the war in Canton, Ohio. Eugene Debs By 1918, Eugene Debs was a veteran labor activist and a revered figure in the American left of the era. Debs was born in Indiana in 1855. He dropped out of school at the age of 14, and began working for the Vandalia Railroad. Early in life, he was a member of the Democratic Party, and spent time as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives. Debs came of age during a time of intense strife and militancy in American labor. Debs remained employed by the railroad through the end of the 19th century, where he became involved with union organizing and more radical politics. In 1893, he helped to organize, and was elected as the first president of, the American Railway Union ARU , which waged a successful strike against the Great Northern Railway in 1894.